Peter Havlik

Senior Research Associate
(1950-2020)

email: havlik@wiiw.ac.at
telephone: (+43-1) 533 66 10-15

Peter Havlik was Senior Research Associate and former Deputy Director at The Vienna Institute for International Economic Studies (wiiw). His research has focused on the analysis of macroeconomic developments in Russia and other post-Soviet states, foreign trade, competitiveness, EU integration and EU relations with Russia and the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU). He coordinated various international research projects and recently co-authored studies exploring ways ‘How to Stabilise the Economy of Ukraine’ and ‘Challenges of DCFTAs: How can Georgia, Moldova and Ukraine succeed?’ Peter Havlik also worked as a consultant to OECD, The World Bank and EU TACIS as the Chief Economist at the Russian-European Centre for Economic Policy (RECEP) in Moscow. He worked also as a Guest Research Scholar at the International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA) during 2013-2018.

Austria, Vienna

External Publications

Articles in refereed journals
  • 'Patterns of Structural Change in the New EU Member States', DANUBE: Law and Economic Review, Vol. 6, No. 3, 2015, pp. 133-157
  • 'The Reincarnation of the Industrial Policy: Will it Work This Time?', Mir Peremen, Special Issue, 2015, pp. 178-181
  • 'Economic cooperation “from Lisbon to Vladivostok”. Science-policy dialogue is needed to support decisions for a sustainable future' (with Michael Emerson, Pavel Kabat, Elena Rovenskaya and Evgeny Vinokurov), OPTIONS, IIASA, 2014, pp. 8
  • 'Vilnius Eastern Partnership Summit: A Milestone in EU-Russia Relations – not just for Ukraine', DANUBE: Law and Economics Review, Vol. 5, No. 1, 2014, pp. 21-51
  • 'Economic Transitions in Central and Eastern Europe: Any Lessons for the Arab Spring?', Japanese Journal of Comparative Economics, Vol. 50, No. 1, 2013, pp. 31-51
  • 'The Countries of the Near East and Northern Africa on a Threshold of Changes (in Russian language)' (with Sandor Richter), Mir Peremen, Vol. 4, 2011, pp. 143-15
  • 'Labour costs per unit of production, exchange rates and the struggle with the crisis in CEE', The international economy, Moscow, No. 4, 2011, pp. 76-96
  • 'EU’s trade with the BRICs and competitiveness challenges' (with Roman Stöllinger), Statistika, No. 2, 2010, pp. 136-157
  • 'The Enlarged European Union and Its Eastern Neighbourhood' (with Vasily Astrov), Journal of East-West Business, Vol. 11, No. 1/2, 2005, pp. 13-44
  • 'Unit Labour Costs in the New EU Member States', Statistika, Czech Statistical Office, No. 4, 2005, pp. 285-298
  • 'Central and East European Industry in an Enlarged European Union: Restructuring, Specialisation and Catching-Up', Économie Internationale, No. 102, 2005, pp. 107-132
  • 'The Enlarged European Union and Its Eastern Neighbourhood' (with Vasily Astrov), in: Kari Liuhto and Z. Vincze (eds), Wider Europe, Esa Print Oy, 2005, pp. 169-195
  • 'Textiles in Central and Eastern Europe and Russia: a Comparative Analysis in the European Context' (with Doris Hanzl-Weiss), East-West Journal of Economics and Business, Vol. 6, No. 2, 2003, pp. 63-88
  • 'Restructuring of Manufacturing Industry in the Central and East European Countries', Prague Economic Papers, No. 1, 2003, pp. 18-35
  • 'Russia and the European Union (in Russian)', Contemporary Europe. Social and Political Research Journal, No. 1, 2003, pp. 32-38
  • 'Russia and the European Union (in Russian)', Theoretical and practical problems of management, No. 6, 2002, pp. 8-15
  • 'Labour Cost Competitiveness of Central and Eastern Europe', MOCT-MOST, Vol. 8, No. 2, 1998, pp. 13-33
  • 'Slavic (dis)union: consequences for Russia, Belarus and Ukraine' (with Helen Boss Heslop), Economics of Transition, Vol. 2, No. 2, 1994
  • 'The Exchange Rate Policy of the CMEA Countries and Problems of Convertibility', Soviet & Eastern European Foreign Trade, Vol. 26, No. 3, 1990
  • 'A Comparison of Purchasing Power Parity and Consumption Levels in Austria and Czechoslovakia', Journal of Comparative Economics, Vol. 9, No. 2, 1985, pp. 178-190
  • 'The Scope and Structure of Czechoslovak Foreign Trade: Effects of Applying Realistic Exchange Rates', Comparative Economic Studies, Vol. XXVII, No. 1, 1985, pp. 1-19
  • 'Diagnostic Checking in Practice' (with W. Krämer, J. Maurer and H. Sonnberger), Review of Economics and Statistics, No. 12, 1984, pp. 118-123
Books (Monographs and editorship)
  • Economics of European Crises and Emerging Markets, Peter Havlik and Ichiro Iwasaki (eds), Palgrave, 2017
  • Economic Restructuring and Integration in Eastern Europe. Experiences and Policy Implications, Ruslan Grinberg, Peter Havlik and Oleh Havrylyshyn (eds), Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft, Baden-Baden, 2008
  • Monetary Policy in Central and Eastern Europe: Challenges of EU Integration, Peter Havlik and O. Radzyner (eds), WIIW and Oesterreichische Nationalbank, Vienna, 1996
  • Dismantling the Command Economy in Eastern Europe, Peter Havlik (eds), Westview Press, Boulder, Colorado, 1991
Articles in books
  • 'Gorbachev's Reform Course Confirmed', in: Hubert Gabrisch (eds), Economic Reforms in Eastern Europe and the Soviet Union, Routledge, London and New York, 2019, pp. 89-98
  • 'Foreign Trade System and Joint Ventures in the CMEA Region', in: Hubert Gabrisch (eds), Economic Reforms in Eastern Europe and the Soviet Union, Routledge, London and New York, 2019, pp. 201-212
  • 'Macroeconomic Impacts of the Crisis on European Emerging Markets', in: Peter Havlik and Ichiro Iwasaki (eds), Economics of European Crises and Emerging Markets, Palgrave, 2017, pp. 21-38
  • 'Growth Resurgence, Productivity Catching-Up and Labour Demand in CEECs' (with Sebastian Leitner and Robert Stehrer), in: Matilde Mas and Robert Stehrer (eds), Industrial Productivity in Europe: Growth and Crisis, Chapter 8, Edward Elgar, 2012, pp. 219-263
  • 'Belarus Between Russia and the European Union: Some Reflections on Belarusian ‘Economic Miracle’ and Future Prospects', in: Hans-Georg Heinrich and L. Lobova (eds), Belarus: External Pressure, Internal Change, Peter Lang Internationaler Verlag der Wissenschaften , Frankfurt am Main, 2009, pp. 203-216
  • 'The Russian Economy in the Global Turmoil', in: B. Balling (eds), Current Trends in the Russian Financial System, SUERF Studies, Vienna, 2009/2, pp. 173-188
  • 'Economic Restructuring in the New EU Member States and Selected Newly Independent States: Effects on Growth, Employment amd Productivity', in: Ruslan Grinberg, Peter Havlik and Oleh Havrylyshyn (eds), Economic Restructuring and Integration in Eastern Europe, NOMOS Verlagsgesellschaft, Baden-Baden, 2008, pp. 47-72
  • 'Economic Developments in the Wider Black Sea Region' (with Vasily Astrov), in: Daniel Hamilton and Gerhard Mangott (eds), The Wider Black Sea Region in the 21st Century, Center for Transatlantic Relations, John Hopkins University, Washington D.C., 2008, pp. 121-146
  • 'Structural Change and Trade Integration on EU-NIS Borders', in: Ruslan Grinberg, Peter Havlik and Oleh Havrylyshyn (eds), Economic Restructuring and Integration in Eastern Europe. Experiences and Policy Implications, NOMOS Verlagsgesellschaft, Baden-Baden, 2008, pp. 119-148
  • 'Structural Change and Trade Integration on EU-NIS Borders', Proceedings of the International Economic Workshop on The EU and Emerging Markets: Trade and Investment Relations with Latin America, East Asia and Transition Countries, ECSA and Vienna University of Economics, Vienna, 2007
  • 'Economic Restructuring in the NMS and selected NIS: Effects on Growth, Employment and Productivity', Proceedings of the OeNB Workshop "Emerging Markets: Any Lessons for Southeastern Europe?", Vienna, 2007
  • 'Ukraine, Belarus and Moldova: Economic Developments and Integration Prospects' (with Vasily Astrov), in: Daniel Hamilton and Gerhard Mangott (eds), The New Eastern Europe: Ukraine, Belarus & Moldova, Center for Transatlantic Relations, John Hopkins University, Washington D.C., 2007, pp. 127-147
  • 'Unit Labour Costs in the New EU Member States', Statistika, Czech Statistical Office, No. 4, 2005, pp. 285-298
  • 'IST and the NMS: Are Priorities Correct in View of Labour Market Trends?', in: F. Gheorghe Filip and C. Pascu (eds), Visions on the Future of Information Society in an Enlarged Europe, Romanian Academy Publishing House, Bucharest, 2005, pp. 129-154
  • 'Russia, European Union and EU Eastward Enlargement', in: Hans-Georg Heinrich and Gerald Hinteregger (eds), Russia - Continuity and Change, SpringerWienNewYork, 2004, pp. 363-378
  • 'Sectoral Patterns of Catching-Up in Candidate Countries' Manufacturing Industry', in: Kari Liuhto (eds), Ten Years of Economic Transformation, Vol. I., The Economies in Transition and the EU Enlargement, Studies in Industrial Engineering and Management, Lappeenranta University of Technology, 2001, pp. 314-341
  • 'Stabilization and Prospects for Sustainable Growth in the Transition Economies', in: Mark S. Knell (eds), Economics of Transition. Structural Adjustments and Growth Prospects in Eastern Europe, Edward Elgar, Cheltenham, 1996
  • 'Trade Reorientation and Competitiveness of Central and Eastern Europe', in: Rumen Dobrinsky and Michael Landesmann (eds), Transforming Economies and European Integration, Edward Elgar, Aldershot, 1995
  • 'Information and Related Technologies and their Impact on East-West Relations', in: Frieder Meyer-Krahmer, Jürgen Müller and Brigitte Preißl (eds), Information Technology: Impacts, Policies and Future Perspectives. Promotion of Mutual Understanding Between Europe and Japan, Springer-Verlag, Berlin-Heidelberg, 1990, pp. 197-215
  • 'Foreign Trade System and Joint Ventures in the CMEA Region', in: Hubert Gabrisch (eds), Economic Reforms in Eastern Europe and the Soviet Union, Westview Press, Boulder, 1989, pp. 201-212
  • 'Gorbachev's Reform Course Confirmed', in: Hubert Gabrisch (eds), Economic Reforms in Eastern Europe and the Soviet Union, Westview Press, Boulder, 1989, pp. 89-98
Articles in non-refereed journals
  • 'Wachstumserfolge der ´neuen´ EU-Mitglieder', Europäische Rundschau, No. 3, 2005, pp. 87-102
  • 'EU-Erweiterung: Implikationen für Wachstum und Wettbewerbsfähigkeit', Europäische Rundschau, No. 3, 2003, pp. 31-40
  • 'Emerging Specialization and Competitiveness of Central Eastern Europe', ROTOBO Journal, No. 11/1998, 1998, pp. 1-24
Shorter papers and comments
  • 'Foreign direct investments in Eurasia: too little and from the wrong places?', IIASA Blog, December 01st, 2017
  • 'Challenges of DCFTAs: How can Georgia, Moldova and Ukraine succeed?' (with Amat Adarov), Vienna Institute for International Economic Studies (wiiw), Bertelsmann Stiftung (Hrsg.) Policy Brief, 2017
  • 'Regional fragmentation of the European Rim means that the EU must pursue policies to promote greater regional integration and cooperation', LSE EUROPP blog, January 09th, 2013
  • 'Recovery – in low gear across tough terrain', Romanian Business Digest, Romania, April 2011, pp. 21-24
Other working papers and discussion series
  • 'Foreign direct investments Between the EU and EAEU' (with Peter Balas, Elina Cielava, Alexander Knobel, Nadejda Komendantova and Yury Zaytsev), IIASA Working Paper, March 2018
  • 'High-level consultation meeting on Eurasian Economic Integration. IIASA project “Challenges and Opportunities of Economic Integration within a Wider European and Eurasian Space” ' (with Peter Balas, Michael Emerson, Pavel Kabat, Jurij Kofner, Elena Rovenskaya, Anastasia Stepanova and Evgeny Vinokurov), IIASA Workshop Report, August 2017
  • 'Benefits and Costs of DCFTA: Evaluation of the Impact on Georgia, Moldova and Ukraine' (with Amat Adarov), Joint Working Paper, 1. Auflage, Wiener Institut für Internationale Wirtschaftsvergleiche, Bertelsmann Stiftung (Hrsg.), 2017
  • 'Challenges and Opportunities of Economic Integration within a Wider European and Eurasian Space' (with Peter Balas, Michael Emerson, Pavel Kabat, Jurij Kofner, Vladimir Pereboyev, Elena Rovenskaya, Anastasia Stepanova and Evgeny Vinokurov), IIASA Synthesis Report, November 2016
  • 'European Union and Eurasian Economic Union: Long-Term Dialogue and Perspectives of Agreement (in Russian)' (with Peter Balas, Michael Emerson, Pavel Kabat, Vladimir Pereboyev, Elena Rovenskaya, Anastasia Stepanova and Evgeny Vinokurov), EADB Center for Integration Studies, Report No. 38, St. Petersburg, 2016
  • 'Structural Change in Europe During the Crisis', FIW Policy Brief, No. 22, Vienna, Jänner 2014
  • 'Economic Transitions in Central and Eastern Europe: Any Lessons for the Arab Spring?', Russian Research Center Working Paper Series, No. 36, The Institute of Economic Research, Hitotsubashi University, June 2012
  • 'Economic prospects for CESEEs (in Japanese)', Russia & NIS Business Monthly, ROTOBO, No. 5, pp. 122-125, Tokyo, 2011
  • 'Foreign trade between the EU and BRICs: Challenges for European competitiveness' (with Roman Stöllinger), Conference Proceedings. International Statistical Conference, Prague, September 2009
  • 'EU and BRICs: Challenges and opportunities for European competitiveness and cooperation' (with Vasily Astrov, Edward Christie, Bernhard Dachs, Jayati Ghosh, Gabor Hunya, Carolina Lennon, Olga Pindyuk, Marcos Poplawski-Ribeiro, Roman Stöllinger and Waltraut Urban), Industrial Policy and Economic Reform Papers, No. 13, July 2009
  • 'EU and BRICs: Challenges and opportunities for European competitiveness and cooperation' (with Vasily Astrov, Edward Christie, Bernhard Dachs, Jayati Ghosh, Gabor Hunya, Carolina Lennon, Olga Pindyuk, Marcos Poplawski-Ribeiro, Roman Stöllinger and Waltraut Urban), European Competitiveness Report 2009, Brussels, 2009
  • 'Restructuring and integration: challenges for EU-Russian relatios', Russia's Neighborhood Policy. Papers of the International Conference, Institute of Economy, Moscow, 2008
  • 'Russian Economic and Integration Prospects', Russian Research Center Working Paper Series, No. 5, The Institute of Economic Research, Hitotsubashi University, April 2008
  • 'Structural Change and Trade Integration on EU-NIS Borders', The Industrial Restructuring in the NMS: Experience and Lessons for NIS, August 2006
  • 'Economic Restructuring in the NMS and selected NIS: Effects on Growth, Employment and Productivity', The Industrial Restructuring in the NMS: Experience and Lessons for NIS, January 2006
  • 'EU and CIS Statistics: Views from User and Provider Perspectives', TACIS High Level Seminar Managing Modern National Statistical Systems in Democratic Societies, Vienna, September 2005
  • 'Russia, European Union and EU Enlargement', RECEP Research Papers, TACIS Russian-European Centre for Economic Policy, 16 July 2002
  • 'Metals Sector in CEECs and Russia: A Comparative Analysis in the European Context' (with Doris Hanzl-Weiss), RECEP Research Papers, TACIS Russian-European Centre for Economic Policy, May 2002
  • 'Restructuring and Industrial Competitiveness of CEECs', Post-Socialist Countries in the Globalized World. Workpapers of the international conference, The Institute for International Economic and Political Studies, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 2001
  • 'Competitiveness of CEEC's Industry', Proceedings of the International Conference on the 10-Year Review of Transitional Economies and Challenges in the Next Decade. Final Report, UNIDO, Vienna, 2001
  • 'Trade and Cost Competitiveness in the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland and Slovenia', The World Bank - Technical Paper, No. 482, November 2000
  • 'Wages, Productivity and Labour Costs in the CEECs', The Institute of Economic Research, Hitotsubashi University, Discussion Paper Series A, No. 359, Tokyo, December 1998
  • 'Labour costs competitiveness of Central and Eastern Europe', in: Yvonne Wolfmayr-Schnitzer (eds), The Competitiveness of Transition Countries, WIFO/WIIW study prepared for CCET/OECD, Vienna, March 1997
  • 'Export competitiveness of Central and Eastern Europe', in: Yvonne Wolfmayr-Schnitzer (eds), The Competitiveness of Transition Countries, WIFO/WIIW study prepared for CCET/OECD, Vienna, March 1997
  • 'Recent Crisis of the CMEA and its Consequences', OECD/GD(91) 6, OECD, Paris, 1991
  • 'An overview of the methods used for East West GDP comparisons', Conference on statistics of Central and Eastern European countries, CCEET/ESD(90)12, OECD, Paris, July 1990
  • 'Alternative Measures of Growth and Development Levels: Comparisons and Assessment' (with Gerhard Fink), Pressures for Reform in the Eastern European Economies, Vol. 1, Joint Economic Committee, US Government Printing Office, Washington D.C., 1989
  • 'GDP of Czechoslovakia, 1970-1980' (with F. Levcik), World Bank Staff Working Paper, No. 772, Washington D.C., 1985

wiiw Publications

wiiw Forecast Reports
  • 'RUSSIA: GDP growth will fall back after an unexpected uptick in 2018 ', Moving Into the Slow Lane, wiiw Forecast Report, No. Spring 2019, Vienna, March 2019, pp. 122-125
  • 'Have DCFTAs in Georgia, Moldova and Ukraine had an impact on trade and FDI?', Strong Growth Amid Increased Negative Risks, wiiw Forecast Report, No. Autumn 2018, Vienna, November 2018, pp. 31-33
  • 'MACEDONIA: Name disputes prolong uncertainty and delay hopes for growth-boosting connectivity', Strong Growth Amid Increased Negative Risks, wiiw Forecast Report, No. Autumn 2018, Vienna, November 2018, pp. 108-110
  • 'RUSSIAN FEDERATION: Sailing slowly between sanctions and high oil prices', Strong Growth Amid Increased Negative Risks, wiiw Forecast Report, No. Autumn 2018, Vienna, November 2018, pp. 122-125
  • 'RUSSIAN FEDERATION: Falling behind peers on meagre growth', Riding the Global Growth Wave, wiiw Forecast Report, No. Spring 2018, Vienna, March 2018, pp. 134-137
  • 'RUSSIAN FEDERATION: Growth without convergence ', CESEE Back on Track to Convergence, wiiw Forecast Report, No. Autumn 2017, Vienna, November 2017, pp. 107-110
  • 'Special section III: A Marked Mood of Uncertainty and Risks in the CIS Region' (with Amat Adarov and Vasily Astrov), Cautious Upturn in CESEE: Haunted by the Spectre of Uncertainty, wiiw Forecast Report, No. Spring 2017, Vienna, March 2017, pp. 34-39
  • 'RUSSIAN FEDERATION: A shallow recovery, external risks remain elevated', Cautious Upturn in CESEE: Haunted by the Spectre of Uncertainty, wiiw Forecast Report, No. Spring 2017, Vienna, March 2017, pp. 107-110
  • 'RUSSIAN FEDERATION: Stagnation becomes the ‘new normal’', Labour Shortages Driving Economic Growth?, wiiw Forecast Report, No. Autumn 2016, Vienna, November 2016, pp. 101-104
  • 'RUSSIAN FEDERATION: Recession not yet over', Growth Stabilises: Investment a Major Driver, Except in Countries Plagued by Recession, wiiw Forecast Report, No. Spring 2016, Vienna, March 2016, pp. 113-116
  • 'Russian crisis and European growth: resilient NMS, infected CIS and the Baltics', Mixed Prospects: Consumption Leads Fragile Recovery in the CESEE Core – CIS Stumbles, wiiw Forecast Report, No. Autumn 2015, Vienna, November 2015, pp. 39-41
  • 'RUSSIAN FEDERATION: Recession already over?', Mixed Prospects: Consumption Leads Fragile Recovery in the CESEE Core – CIS Stumbles, wiiw Forecast Report, No. Autumn 2015, Vienna, November 2015, pp. 113-117
  • 'RUSSIAN FEDERATION: From stagnation to recession and back', A Time of Moderate Expectations, wiiw Forecast Report, No. Spring 2015, Vienna, March 2015, pp. 117-121
  • 'Special section: Economic consequences of the Ukraine conflict' (with Vasily Astrov), On Thin Ice: CESEE Core Resilient in the Face of EU Stagnation and the Ukraine Crisis, wiiw Forecast Report, No. Autumn 2014, Vienna, November 2014, pp. 30-44
  • 'RUSSIAN FEDERATION: Stagnation and isolation ahead', On Thin Ice: CESEE Core Resilient in the Face of EU Stagnation and the Ukraine Crisis, wiiw Forecast Report, No. Autumn 2014, Vienna, November 2014, pp. 117-120
  • 'RUSSIAN FEDERATION: Stuck in transition!', Investment to the Rescue, wiiw Forecast Report, No. Spring 2014, Vienna, March 2014, pp. 101-103
  • 'Russian Federation: Growth stumbles – how much and for how long?', Animal Spirits still Dimmed: Slow Recovery Expected, wiiw Current Analyses and Forecasts, No. 12, Vienna, July 2013, pp. 131-134
  • 'Russian Federation: Slower growth, more state intervention to the rescue?', Double-dip Recession over, yet no Boom in Sight, wiiw Current Analyses and Forecasts, No. 11, Vienna, March 2013, pp. 127-130
  • 'Special Section II: Unit labour cost adjustments in times of crisis', Fasting or Feasting? Europe - Old and New - at the Crossroads, wiiw Current Analyses and Forecasts, No. 10, Vienna, July 2012, pp. 40-45
  • 'Russian Federation: Few changes after the tandem shuffle', Fasting or Feasting? Europe - Old and New - at the Crossroads, wiiw Current Analyses and Forecasts, No. 10, Vienna, July 2012, pp. 118-121
  • 'Russian Federation: Instability ahead?', New Divide(s) in Europe?, wiiw Current Analyses and Forecasts, No. 9, Vienna, March 2012, pp. 114-118
  • 'Russian Federation: Economic growth, political stalemate', Recovery: Limp and Battered, wiiw Current Analyses and Forecasts, No. 8, Vienna, July 2011, pp. 114-118
  • 'Russian Federation: Oil-fuelled recovery stalls', Recovery - in Low Gear across Tough Terrain, wiiw Current Analyses and Forecasts, No. 7, Vienna, March 2011, pp. 101-104
  • 'Russia: Consolidated yet unspectacular recovery', Will Exports Prevail over Austerity?, wiiw Current Analyses and Forecasts, No. 6, Vienna, July 2010, pp. 123-125
  • 'Russia: 'V-shaped' recovery underway', Crisis Is Over, but Problems Loom Ahead, wiiw Current Analyses and Forecasts, No. 5, Vienna, February 2010
  • 'Russia: heading for crash and clash?', in: Vladimir Gligorov, Josef Pöschl and Sandor Richter (eds), Where Have All the Shooting Stars Gone?, wiiw Current Analyses and Forecasts, No. 4, Vienna, July 2009, pp. 112-115
  • 'Russia: economy hit by global turmoil', in: Vladimir Gligorov, Gabor Hunya and Josef Pöschl (eds), Differentiated Impact of the Global Crisis, wiiw Current Analyses and Forecasts, No. 3, Vienna, February 2009, pp. 94-95
  • 'Russian Federation: oil price surge, new leadership and old problems' (with Vasily Astrov), in: Leon Podkaminer and Josef Pöschl (eds), The Big Boom Is Over, but Growth Remains Strong and Inflation Calms Down, wiiw Current Analyses and Forecasts, No. 2, Vienna, July 2008, pp. 114-126
  • 'The new EU member states: Modest growth slowdown with higher downside risks', Weathering the Global Storm, yet Rising Costs and Labour Shortages May Dampen Domestic Growth, wiiw Current Analyses and Forecasts, No. 1, Vienna, February 2008
  • 'Russian Federation: slowdown in sight, external surplus shrinks', in: Peter Havlik and Mario Holzner (eds), Weathering the Global Storm, yet Rising Costs and Labour Shortages May Dampen Domestic Growth, wiiw Current Analyses and Forecasts, No. 1, Vienna, February 2008, pp. 87-89
wiiw Monthly Reports
  • 'Challenges of reintegrating Donbas into Ukraine: what role for foreign assistance?', Monthly Report No. 04/2020, wiiw Monthly Report, No. 4, Vienna, April 2020, pp. 12-16
  • 'Chart of the month: The Russian economy and oil prices ', Monthly Report No. 2/2019, wiiw Monthly Report, No. 2, Vienna, February 2019, p. 1
  • 'Opinion corner: Chinese foreign investment: A dangerous obsession or a new normal?', Monthly Report No. 1/2019, wiiw Monthly Report, No. 1, Vienna, January 2019, pp. 3-4
  • 'Macedonia: New name and improved connectivity may boost growth', Monthly Report No. 6/2018, wiiw Monthly Report, No. 6, Vienna, June 2018, p. 15
  • 'Russian Federation: More of the same will not be helpful', Monthly Report No. 6/2018, wiiw Monthly Report, No. 6, Vienna, June 2018, p. 19
  • 'FDI in Eurasia: A comparison with selected EU-CEE countries', Monthly Report No. 3/2018, wiiw Monthly Report, No. 3, Vienna, March 2018, pp. 19-23
  • 'Russian Federation: Sluggish reforms lead to sluggish growth', Monthly Report No. 7-8/2017, wiiw Monthly Report, No. 7-8, Vienna, August 2017, p. 19
  • 'Russia, Eurasia and the Silk Road', Monthly Report No. 10/2016, wiiw Monthly Report, No. 10, Vienna, October 2016, pp. 17-23
  • 'Russian Federation: Bottoming out, feeble recovery ahead', Monthly Report No. 7-8/2016, wiiw Monthly Report, No. 7-8, Vienna, August 2016, p. 19
  • 'Expectations of transition and real outcomes in retrospect', Monthly Report No. 1/2016 - Special Issue: Reality Check – wiiw Economists Reflect on 25 Years of Transition, wiiw Monthly Report, No. 1, Vienna, January 2016, pp. 7-10
  • 'Russia’s grand trade collapse', Monthly Report No. 12/2015, wiiw Monthly Report, No. 12, Vienna, December 2015, pp. 13-18
  • 'Russian Federation: Milder recession followed by unimpressive recovery', Monthly Report No. 7-8/2015, wiiw Monthly Report, No. 7-8, Vienna, August 2015, p. 23
  • 'Implications of EU integration for Ukraine’s foreign trade' (with Amat Adarov), Monthly Report No. 4/2015, wiiw Monthly Report, No. 4, Vienna, April 2015, pp. 4-10
  • 'Opinion corner: Russia-Ukraine conflict: do Western sanctions have any effect? ' (with Vasily Astrov, Vladimir Gligorov, Michael Landesmann and Olga Pindyuk), Monthly Report No. 10/2014, wiiw Monthly Report, No. 10, Vienna, October 2014, p. 2-6
  • 'Russian Federation: stuck in stagnation', Monthly Report No. 7-8/2014, wiiw Monthly Report, No. 7-8, Vienna, July 2014, p. 21
  • 'Some lesser known facts about Ukraine’s foreign trade', Monthly Report No. 1/2014, wiiw Monthly Report, No. 1, Vienna, January 2014, pp. 2-5
  • 'Russian Federation: firm in stagnation, with dim way out', Monthly Report No. 11/2013, wiiw Monthly Report, No. 11, Vienna, November 2013, pp. 18-21
  • 'A revival of industrial policy as a growth model for Russia?', Monthly Report No. 3/2013, wiiw Monthly Report, No. 3, Vienna, March 2013, pp. 5-6
  • 'Russian Federation: growth flat, politics bad', Monthly Report No. 11/2012, wiiw Monthly Report, No. 11, Vienna, November 2012, pp. 20-22
  • 'Trade and economic integration in the CIS: an evaluation ' (with Vasily Astrov and Olga Pindyuk), Monthly Report No. 8-9/2012, wiiw Monthly Report, No. 8-9, Vienna, September 2012, pp. 1-6
  • 'Russian Federation: stagnation ahead?', Monthly Report No. 11/2011, wiiw Monthly Report, No. 11, Vienna, November 2011, pp. 19-22
  • 'MENA in transition: any lessons from CESEE?' (with Sandor Richter), Monthly Report No. 7/2011, wiiw Monthly Report, No. 7, Vienna, July 2011, pp. 1-7
  • 'Russian Federation: oil-fuelled recovery loses steam', Monthly Report No. 11/2010, wiiw Monthly Report, No. 11, Vienna, October 2010, pp. 16-18
  • 'Unit labour costs, exchange rates and responses to the crisis', Monthly Report No. 7/2010, wiiw Monthly Report, No. 7, Vienna, July 2010, pp. 4-12
  • 'European energy security: a concern common to both the EU and Russia', Monthly Report No. 5/2010, wiiw Monthly Report, No. 5, Vienna, May 2010, pp. 1-2
  • 'Russian Federation: signs of fragile recovery', Monthly Report No. 11/2009, wiiw Monthly Report, No. 11, Vienna, November 2009, pp. 1-3
  • 'Russia in the global financial storm', Monthly Report No. 11/2008, wiiw Monthly Report, No. 11, Vienna, November 2008, pp. 1-4
  • 'Economic consequences of the Georgian-Russian conflict' (with Vasily Astrov), Monthly Report No. 8-9/2008, wiiw Monthly Report, No. 8-9, Vienna, September 2008, pp. 1-11
  • 'Terms of trade effects and Russian economic growth', Monthly Report No. 5/2008, wiiw Monthly Report, No. 5, Vienna, May 2008, pp. 1-4
  • 'Current situation of the global economy: challenges and potential consequences for Central, East and Southeast Europe' (with Josef Pöschl), Monthly Report No. 2/2008, wiiw Monthly Report, No. 2, Vienna, February 2008, pp. 2-5
  • 'Russian Federation: private consumption and investments flourish', Monthly Report No. 11/2007, wiiw Monthly Report, No. 11, Vienna, November 2007, pp. 1-3
  • 'Reflections on transition, restructuring and integration in the Newly Independent States', Monthly Report No. 6/2007, wiiw Monthly Report, No. 6, Vienna, June 2007, pp. 1-3
  • 'Russian Federation: growing economy, deteriorating politics', Monthly Report No. 11/2006, wiiw Monthly Report, No. 11, Vienna, November 2006, pp. 1-4
  • 'INDEUNIS: joint research project on transition, integration and restructuring in the New EU Member States and the Newly Independent States', Monthly Report No. 11/2006, wiiw Monthly Report, No. 11, Vienna, November 2006, pp. 17 20
  • 'Updated wiiw forecasts for 2005 and 2006' (with Leon Podkaminer), Monthly Report No. 12/2005, wiiw Monthly Report, No. 12, Vienna, December 2005, pp. 1-3
  • 'Russian Federation: awash with money - and problems, too', Monthly Report No. 11/2005, wiiw Monthly Report, No. 11, Vienna, November 2005, pp. 1-4
  • 'Russian Federation: GDP growth slows down', Monthly Report No. 12/2004, wiiw Monthly Report, No. 12, Vienna, December 2004, pp. 1-3
  • 'Monthly Report No. 11/2004' (with Vasily Astrov, Vladimir Gligorov, Gabor Hunya, Anton Mihailov, Leon Podkaminer and Hermine Vidovic), wiiw Monthly Report, No. 11, Vienna, November 2004
  • 'European Union and Russia: difficult neighbourhoods', Monthly Report 4/2004, wiiw Monthly Report, No. 4, Vienna, April 2004, pp. 1-7
  • 'Russian Federation: growth picking up strongly', Monthly Report 10/2003, wiiw Monthly Report, No. 10, Vienna, October 2003, pp. 8-9
  • 'Structural change and productivity growth in Central and Eastern Europe', Monthly Report 03/2003, wiiw Monthly Report, No. 3, Vienna, March 2003, pp. 8-12
  • 'Monthly Report special issue Spring Seminar No. S1/2003' (with Patrizia Baur, Kazimierz Laski, Zdenek Lukas, Leon Podkaminer, Josef Pöschl, Sandor Richter, Roman Römisch and Hermine Vidovic), wiiw Monthly Report, No. S1, Vienna, March 2003
  • 'Russia: mixed results in 2002', Monthly Report 10/2002, wiiw Monthly Report, No. 10, Vienna, October 2002, pp. 18-19
  • 'Monthly Report 01/2002' (with Vladimir Gligorov, Pawel Kowalewski and Helmut Stix), wiiw Monthly Report, No. 1, Vienna, January 2002
wiiw Research Reports
  • 'Economic Challenges and Costs of Reintegrating the Donbas Region in Ukraine' (with Artem Kochnev and Olga Pindyuk), wiiw Research Report, No. 447, Vienna, June 2020
  • 'Foreign Direct Investments: A Comparison of EAEU, DCFTA and Selected EU-CEE Countries' (with Gabor Hunya and Yury Zaytsev), wiiw Research Report, No. 428, Vienna, June 2018
  • 'From Fiscal Austerity towards Growth-Enhancing Fiscal Policy in Ukraine' (with Tetiana Bogdan, Vladimir Gligorov and Michael Landesmann), wiiw Research Report, No. 417, Vienna, April 2017
  • 'The Belarus Economy: The Challenges of Stalled Reforms' (with Amat Adarov, Kateryna Bornukova, Rumen Dobrinsky, Gabor Hunya, Dzmitry Kruk and Olga Pindyuk), wiiw Research Report, No. 413, Vienna, November 2016
  • 'The Belarus Economy: The Challenges of Stalled Reforms, Russian Version: Белорусская экономика: вызовы застопорившихся реформ' (with Amat Adarov, Kateryna Bornukova, Rumen Dobrinsky, Gabor Hunya, Dzmitry Kruk and Olga Pindyuk), wiiw Research Report, No. 413, Vienna, November 2016
  • 'Russian Federation 2015: From Stagnation to Recession and Back', wiiw Research Report, No. 406, Vienna, September 2015
  • 'Economic Convergence and Structural Change: the Role of Transition and EU Accession' (with Rumen Dobrinsky), wiiw Research Report, No. 395, Vienna, July 2014
  • 'Patterns of Structural Change in the New EU Member States', wiiw Research Report, No. 394, Vienna, April 2014
  • 'European Neighbourhood - Challenges and Opportunities for EU Competitiveness' (with Vasily Astrov, Mario Holzner, Gabor Hunya, Isilda Mara, Sandor Richter, Roman Stöllinger and Hermine Vidovic), wiiw Research Report, No. 382, Vienna, September 2012
  • 'Trade Integration in the CIS: Alternate Options, Economic Effects and Policy Implications for Belarus, Kazakhstan, Russia and Ukraine' (with Vasily Astrov and Olga Pindyuk), wiiw Research Report, No. 381, Vienna, September 2012
  • 'Transition in the MENA Region: Challenges, Opportunities and Prospects' (with Vladimir Gligorov, Sandor Richter and Hermine Vidovic), wiiw Research Report, No. 376, Vienna, January 2012
  • 'Ukraine, the European Union and the International Community: Current Challenges and the Agenda for Overcoming the Stalemate' (with Vasily Astrov, Igor Burakovsky, Grzegorz Gromadzki and Vasyl Yurchyshyn), wiiw Research Report, No. 364, Vienna, July 2010
  • 'European Energy Security in View of Russian Economic and Integration Prospects', wiiw Research Report, No. 362, Vienna, May 2010
  • 'Models of BRICs' Economic Development and Challenges for EU Competitiveness' (with Jayati Ghosh, Marcos Poplawski-Ribeiro and Waltraut Urban), wiiw Research Report, No. 359, Vienna, December 2009
  • 'Trade in Goods and Services between the EU and the BRICs' (with Olga Pindyuk and Roman Stöllinger), wiiw Research Report, No. 357, Vienna, November 2009
  • 'Economic Developments in the Wider Black Sea Region' (with Vasily Astrov), wiiw Research Report, No. 349, Vienna, September 2008
  • 'Russian Federation: booming domestic demand prevents overall growth slowdown', in: Vladimir Gligorov and Sandor Richter (eds), High Growth Continues, with Risks of Overheating on the Horizon, wiiw Research Report, No. 341, Vienna, July 2007, pp. 115-118
  • 'Structural Change and Trade Integration on EU–NIS Borders', wiiw Research Report, No. 340, Vienna, May 2007
  • 'Russian Federation: growth peak is already over', in: Vladimir Gligorov and Leon Podkaminer (eds), Private Consumption and Flourishing Exports Keep the Region on High Growth Track, wiiw Research Report, No. 335, Vienna, February 2007, pp. 105-107
  • 'Russian Federation: lower GDP growth, surging export revenues', in: Vladimir Gligorov and Leon Podkaminer (eds), Broader-based Growth Resilient to Global Uncertainties, wiiw Research Report, No. 328, Vienna, July 2006, pp. 95-97
  • 'Russian Federation: gaining strength, some muscle and more fat', in: Vladimir Gligorov and Leon Podkaminer (eds), Strong Growth, Driven by Exports in the NMS and by Consumption in the Future EU Members, wiiw Research Report, No. 325, Vienna, February 2006, pp. 89-91
  • 'Russian Federation: lower GDP growth despite surging trade surplus', in: Gabor Hunya and Leon Podkaminer (eds), Back from the Peak, Growth in Transition Countries Returns to Standard Rate of Catching-up, wiiw Research Report, No. 320, Vienna, July 2005, pp. 86-89
  • 'The New EU Member States and Austria: Economic Developments in the First Year of Accession', wiiw Research Report, No. 318, Vienna, May 2005
  • 'Russian Federation: GDP growth slows down, reform stalemate', in: Vladimir Gligorov, Peter Havlik and Leon Podkaminer (eds), Accelerating GDP Growth, Improved Prospects for European Integration, wiiw Research Report, No. 314, Vienna, March 2005, pp. 98-101
  • 'Structural Change, Productivity and Employment in the New EU Member States', wiiw Research Report, No. 313, Vienna, January 2005
  • 'Russian Federation: high - and broader-based - growth continues', in: Vladimir Gligorov, Josef Pöschl and Sandor Richter (eds), As East You Go, the More They Grow: Transition Economies in a New Setting, wiiw Research Report, No. 308, Vienna, July 2004, pp. 89-92
  • 'European Union, Russia and Ukraine: Creating New Neighbourhoods' (with Vasily Astrov), wiiw Research Report, No. 305, Vienna, April 2004
  • 'Russian Federation: high GDP growth and rising investment', in: Leon Podkaminer (eds), Transition Countries on the Eve of EU Enlargement, wiiw Research Report, No. 303, Vienna, February 2004, pp. 86-88
  • 'Country Report Russian Federation: a turnaround in investments and higher GDP growth', in: Peter Havlik (eds), Transition Countries in 2003: Reforms and Restructuring Keep the Global Economic Slowdown at Bay, wiiw Research Report, No. 297, Vienna, July 2003, pp. 81-83
  • 'Country Report Russian Federation: GDP growth weakens, investments disappoint', in: Leon Podkaminer (eds), Transition Countries Resist Global Slowdown: Productivity Gains Offset Effects of Appreciation, wiiw Research Report, No. 293, Vienna, February 2003, pp. 93-95
  • 'EU Enlargement: Economic Impacts on Austria and the Five Acceding Central European Countries', wiiw Research Report, No. 290, Vienna, October 2002
  • 'EU Enlargement: Economic Impacts on Austria, the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, Slovakia and Slovenia', wiiw Research Report, No. 280, Vienna, October 2001
  • 'Patterns of Catching-Up in Candidate Countries' Manufacturing Industry', wiiw Research Report, No. 279, Vienna, August 2001
  • 'Competitiveness of CEE Industries: Evidence From Foreign Trade Specialization and Quality Indicators' (with Michael Landesmann and Robert Stehrer), wiiw Research Report, No. 278, Vienna, July 2001
  • 'Transition Countries in 2001: Robust Domestic Demand, Concerns About External Fragility Reappear', wiiw Research Report, No. 277, Vienna, July 2001
  • 'The Transition Countries in Early 2000: Improved Outlook for Growth, But Unemployment Is Still Rising', wiiw Research Report, No. 266, Vienna, June 2000
wiiw Policy Notes and Reports
  • 'Georgia’s Economic Performance: Bright Spots and Remaining Challenges' (with Tinatin Akhvlediani), wiiw Policy Note/Policy Report, No. 29, Vienna, April 2019
  • 'Russia’s Reform Failures and Putin’s Future Challenges', wiiw Policy Note/Policy Report, No. 20, Vienna, March 2018
  • 'Challenges of DCFTAs: How can Georgia, Moldova and Ukraine succeed?' (with Amat Adarov), wiiw Policy Note/Policy Report, No. 18, Vienna, June 2017
  • 'Economic Consequences of the Ukraine Conflict', wiiw Policy Note/Policy Report, No. 14, Vienna, November 2014
  • 'Vilnius Eastern Partnership Summit: A Milestone in EU-Russia Relations – not just for Ukraine', wiiw Policy Note/Policy Report, No. 11, Vienna, November 2013
  • 'The European Rim Countries - Challenges and Opportunities for EU Competitiveness' (with Vasily Astrov, Mario Holzner, Gabor Hunya, Isilda Mara, Sandor Richter, Roman Stöllinger and Hermine Vidovic), wiiw Policy Note/Policy Report, No. 9, Vienna, October 2012
  • 'MENA in transition: any lessons from CESEE?' (with Sandor Richter), wiiw Policy Note/Policy Report, No. 6, Vienna, July 2011
wiiw Statistical Reports
  • 'Arbeitskosten, Steuerbelastung und Wettbewerbsfähigkeit in Österreich im Vergleich mit ausgewählten CEEs' (with Sebastian Leitner and Roman Römisch), wiiw Statistical Report, No. 4, Vienna, April 2011
  • 'Growth Resurgence, Productivity Catching-up and Labour Demand in CEECs' (with Sebastian Leitner and Robert Stehrer), wiiw Statistical Report, No. 3, Vienna, January 2008
  • 'Unit Labour Costs in the New EU Member States', wiiw Statistical Report, No. 1, Vienna, January 2005
wiiw Research Reports in German Language
  • 'Die wirtschaftliche Entwicklung in der Schwarzmeerregion und Herausforderungen für eine Internationalisierungsoffensive Österreichs ' (with Vasily Astrov, Gabor Hunya and Josef Pöschl), wiiw Research Report in German language, No. 2010-10, Vienna, October 2010
  • 'Die wirtschaftliche Lage Russlands (Reprint from: Forschungsbericht des Instituts für Wirtschaftsforschung Halle - IWH, Heft 1, 2000)' (with Hubert Gabrisch), wiiw Research Report in German language, No. 2000-04, Vienna, April 2000
wiiw Opinion Pieces
  • 'Ukraine: reconstruction of Donbas will cost at least USD 21.7 billion or 16% of Ukraine’s GDP' (with Veronika Janyrova and Olga Pindyuk), wiiw Opinion Piece, Vienna, June 2020
  • ''Czechoslovakia was one of the most rigid and conservative countries in the former Eastern Bloc'' (with Veronika Janyrova), wiiw Opinion Piece, Vienna, December 2019
  • '“A qualified failure”' (with Vasily Astrov and Veronika Janyrova), wiiw Opinion Piece, Vienna, June 2019
  • 'Chinese foreign investment: A dangerous obsession or a new normal?', wiiw Opinion Piece, Vienna, March 2019
  • 'EU-Russia sanctions exchange has had important economic and political consequences', wiiw Opinion Piece, Vienna, February 2019
  • 'The Kerch Straits clash: Another spiral in the Russia-Ukraine conflict' (with Vasily Astrov), wiiw Opinion Piece, Vienna, December 2018
  • 'US sanctions carrousel spins faster', wiiw Opinion Piece, Vienna, August 2018
  • 'Trade reorientation in Russia: will China replace the EU?', wiiw Opinion Piece, Vienna, July 2018
  • 'Western sanctions on Russia: Painful, but will not change policies' (with Vasily Astrov), wiiw Opinion Piece, Vienna, April 2018
  • 'FDI in Eurasia: too little and from the wrong places?', wiiw Opinion Piece, Vienna, April 2018
  • 'Russian economy going nowhere until relations with West and Ukraine improve' (with Richard Grieveson), wiiw Opinion Piece, Vienna, March 2018
  • 'The Prague coffee house loses to the countryside beer saloon' (with Leon Podkaminer), wiiw Opinion Piece, Vienna, January 2018
  • 'Brussels Eastern Partnership Summit: No thrills expected', wiiw Opinion Piece, Vienna, November 2017
  • 'CESEE in 2017-2019: back on track to convergence', wiiw Opinion Piece, Vienna, November 2017
  • 'Czech election: Big changes in parliament, minimal economic impact' (with Richard Grieveson and Leon Podkaminer), wiiw Opinion Piece, Vienna, October 2017
  • 'The Economics of European Crises and Emerging Markets', wiiw Opinion Piece, Vienna, September 2017
  • 'Challenges of DCFTAs: How can Georgia, Moldova and Ukraine succeed?' (with Amat Adarov), wiiw Opinion Piece, Vienna, June 2017
  • 'Benefits and Costs of DCFTA: Evaluation of the Impact on Georgia, Moldova and Ukraine' (with Amat Adarov), wiiw Opinion Piece, Vienna, January 2017
  • 'The Belarus Economy: The Challenges of Stalled Reforms' (with Amat Adarov, Rumen Dobrinsky, Gabor Hunya and Olga Pindyuk), wiiw Opinion Piece, Vienna, November 2016
  • 'wiiw Reality Check: Expectations of transition and real outcomes in retrospect', wiiw Opinion Piece, Vienna, February 2016
  • 'Silk Road Reloaded', wiiw Opinion Piece, Vienna, December 2015
  • 'EU’s and Ukraine’s homework' (with Michael Landesmann), wiiw Opinion Piece, Vienna, June 2015
  • 'How to stabilise the economy of Ukraine' (with Michael Landesmann), wiiw Opinion Piece, Vienna, April 2015
  • 'Economic consequences of the Ukraine conflict' (with Vasily Astrov), wiiw Opinion Piece, Vienna, October 2014
  • 'Transitions in the Arab World: Any Lessons from CESEE?', wiiw Opinion Piece, Vienna, November 2013
  • 'wiiw establishes new cooperation with IIASA', wiiw Opinion Piece, Vienna, July 2013
Other wiiw publications
  • 'Looking Back, Looking Forward: Central and Eastern Europe 30 Years After the Fall of the Berlin Wall' (with Vladimir Gligorov, Richard Grieveson, Gabor Hunya, Olga Pindyuk, Leon Podkaminer, Sandor Richter and Hermine Vidovic), wiiw Essays and Occasional Papers, No. 4, Vienna, November 2019
  • 'Challenges of DCFTAs: How can Georgia, Moldova and Ukraine succeed?' (with Amat Adarov), wiiw Policy Note/Policy Report, No. 18, Vienna, June 2017
  • 'Benefits and Costs of DCFTA: Evaluation of the Impact on Georgia, Moldova and Ukraine' (with Amat Adarov), Joint Working Paper, No. 2016-12, Vienna, December 2016
  • 'How to Stabilise the Economy of Ukraine' (with Amat Adarov, Vasily Astrov, Gabor Hunya, Michael Landesmann and Leon Podkaminer), wiiw Background Study, No. 2015-04, Vienna, April 2015
  • 'Arbeitskosten, Steuerbelastung und Wettbewerbsfähigkeit in Österreich im Vergleich mit ausgewählten CEEs' (with Sebastian Leitner and Roman Römisch), wiiw Statistical Report, No. 4, Vienna, April 2011
  • 'Growth Resurgence, Productivity Catching-up and Labour Demand in CEECs' (with Sebastian Leitner and Robert Stehrer), wiiw Statistical Report, No. 3, Vienna, January 2008
  • 'Unit Labour Costs in the New EU Member States', wiiw Statistical Report, No. 1, Vienna, January 2005
  • 'EU Enlargement: Growth, Competitiveness and Some Challenges Facing the Future Member States', wiiw country profile, No. 20, Vienna, November 2003
  • 'Industrial Development' (with Waltraut Urban), wiiw Structural Report 2003 on Central and Eastern Europe, Volume 1, wiiw Structural Report, Vol. 1, Vienna, October 2003
  • 'Russia - Ukraine - CIS at the beginning of the year 2000. Hybrid economies benefit from devaluation' (with Vasily Astrov and Helen Boss Heslop), wiiw country profile, No. 14, Vienna, March 2000

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